Creating an environment where Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) can thrive is essential for the success of any PBS plan. The environment plays a significant role in influencing behaviour, reducing anxiety, and promoting independence. In this chapter, we will explore the key aspects of creating a supportive and effective environment that enables PBS to flourish.
Predictability
A predictable environment is crucial in managing anxiety and fostering a sense of security for the service user. When individuals know what to expect, they are less likely to feel overwhelmed or anxious, which in turn reduces the likelihood of challenging behaviours. This predictability is particularly important for those who struggle with changes in routine or unexpected events. By providing structure and consistency, you create a foundation that supports positive behaviour and well-being, helping individuals feel safe and in control.
Implement a clear and accessible timetable
One of the most effective ways to ensure predictability is by implementing a clear and accessible timetable for the service user. This timetable should include scheduled activities, daily routines, and information about staff members.
- Scheduled activities: Clearly outline the day’s activities, from morning routines to evening wind-downs. This schedule should be visually accessible, using pictures or symbols, if necessary, to ensure the service user can easily understand and follow it.
- Staff rotas: Including staff rotas in the timetable can help the service user feel more comfortable with the people around them. Use photos and brief descriptions of staff members, including their interests, to help the service user feel familiar with and connected to the team. For example, if a staff member enjoys painting and the service user is interested in art, this shared interest can be a point of connection.
Matching interests
Building strong, positive relationships between staff and the service user is a key component of a successful PBS environment. One effective way to foster these relationships is by aligning staff and service user interests.
Why matching interests matters
When staff members share or show interest in the same hobbies or activities as the service user, it creates a natural bond that can enhance trust and communication. This connection can lead to a more supportive and engaging environment, where the service user feels understood and valued.
Example - Connecting through shared interests
For instance, if a service user is passionate about yoga, a staff member could take the time to learn about the different postures, practice yoga together, or even venture out into the community to try a yoga class together. This shared interest can create a positive and enjoyable interaction, making the service user feel more comfortable and engaged.
Familiarisation with the environment
Introducing a service user to a new environment can be challenging, especially if they have difficulty with change or new experiences. A gradual and thoughtful approach to familiarisation can ease this transition and help the service user feel more at ease.
Gradual introduction to the environment
Rather than immediately immersing the service user in a new space, start by gradually introducing them to it. This can begin with showing them pictures or videos of the new environment, allowing them to visualise and become accustomed to the space before they even step foot in it.
Organising visits and positive activities
After the initial introduction through pictures, organise visits to the new environment. During these visits, plan enjoyable activities that the service user already loves, helping them associate the new space with positive experiences. This approach helps build positive memories and reduces any anxiety related to the new environment.
Personalising the space
Encourage the service user to bring personal items with them to the new environment. Familiar objects, such as a favourite blanket, photos, or personal artwork, can make the space feel more like home. This personalisation not only provides comfort but also reinforces the feeling of ownership and control over the environment.
Control of environmental factors
Environmental factors such as noise levels, lighting, and overall sensory input can have a significant impact on the service user’s behaviour and comfort. Managing these factors effectively is crucial in creating a supportive environment for PBS.
Noise, lighting and crowded spaces
Noise, lighting, and overcrowding are some of the most common environmental triggers that can affect behaviour, particularly for individuals with sensory sensitivities.
- Noise levels: It’s important to monitor and manage noise levels in the environment. Sudden loud noises or constant background noise can be distressing for some service users. Consider using soundproofing, soft furnishings, or noise-cancelling devices to create a quieter, more peaceful environment.
- Lighting: Harsh lighting, such as neon lights, can be particularly irritating for individuals with hypersensitivity. Opt for soft, natural lighting whenever possible, and avoid the use of neon lights. Adjustable lighting that allows the service user to control the brightness can also be beneficial.
- Crowded environments: Busy, overpopulated spaces can be overwhelming for some individuals. Encourage team members to be aware of this and to prevent communal spaces from getting too overcrowded.
Promoting autonomy and independence
One of the primary goals of PBS is to promote independence and empower the service user to take an active role in their own life. Creating an environment that encourages and supports independence is key to achieving this goal.
Allowing independence in daily tasks
Encouraging the service user to perform tasks independently whenever possible is essential for building confidence and self-reliance. This might include daily activities such as dressing, cooking, or personal care. Staff should provide minimal assistance, stepping in only when necessary to offer guidance or support.
Minimal assistance, maximal autonomy
The role of staff in promoting independence is to support without taking over. This means offering verbal prompts or physical guidance only when necessary and gradually reducing this support as the service user becomes more capable. The aim is to help the service user develop the skills and confidence needed to perform tasks on their own.
Active participation reduces anxiety
When service users are given the opportunity to take an active role in their daily activities, it not only promotes independence but also helps reduce anxiety. Being actively engaged in their own care and routine gives the service user a sense of control and predictability, which can significantly lower anxiety levels and promote positive behaviour.
Gradual support reduction
As the service user becomes more independent, the level of support provided by staff should be gradually reduced. This process, known as gradual support reduction, is a key strategy in PBS for fostering long-term independence.
Techniques for building independence
Gradual support reduction can be implemented through a variety of techniques, starting with more hands-on support and moving towards full autonomy.
- Mirroring: Initially, staff might demonstrate tasks by performing them alongside the service user, allowing them to observe and learn through imitation.
- Verbal prompts: As the service user becomes more familiar with the tasks, staff can transition to providing verbal prompts, offering reminders or instructions rather than direct assistance.
- Encouraging autonomy: Eventually, the goal is for the service user to perform tasks independently, with staff available only as a resource if needed. This progression should be paced according to the service user’s comfort and ability, ensuring that they feel supported throughout the process.
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Creating an environment where PBS can thrive requires careful consideration of various factors that influence the service user’s behaviour, comfort, and independence. By prioritising predictability, matching interests, gradually familiarising the service user with their environment, managing environmental factors, promoting independence, and gradually reducing support, you can establish a setting that empowers the service user and supports the goals of the PBS plan. This thoughtful approach to the environment not only enhances the effectiveness of PBS but also contributes to the overall well-being and quality of life of the service user.
Did you know we have a webinar on creating PBS plans with true PBS torchbearer, Giuseppe Di Martino? Watch the webinar below for key insights into the power of PBS.
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